Assessment of Local Community Perceptions of Biodiversity Conservation in the 3S Rivers of Cambodia: Using a Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) Approach

Abstract

The Sekong, Sesan, and Srepok (3S) Rivers in Southeast Asia provide critical habitat for wildlife and support many threatened species. The Sesan and Sekong Rivers are regarded as Important Bird Areas, which recognizes their exceptional avian diversity and critical role in supporting waterbird populations. Additionally, these rivers provide diverse natural resources and ecosystem services that support the livelihoods of millions of people of riparian countries. However, the 3S Rivers are under severe threat from hydropower development, habitat destruction, economic land concessions, extractive industries, and illegal logging. In response to these threats, a community-based conservation program was implemented for waterbirds that utilized direct payments to communities for bird nest protection. Community participation is key to effective biodiversity conservation. However, few studies have assessed local perceptions of community-based conservation programs. Therefore, we conducted a knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey of selected communities along the 3S Rivers to understand community perceptions about the nest protection program. According to the local communities, waterbird populations increased and threats decreased as a result of the program. Overall, communities had positive impressions of the program and believed the program provided them with significant livelihood benefits. The results of this research will be used as educational and diagnostic tools to assess the effectiveness of the conservation program to meet community needs and to be able to improve this and other such community-based programs in the future.