Assessment of local coastal vulnerability based on a global model: A case study in Jaguaruna, southern Brazil

Abstract

Coastal vulnerability is the trend of the coast to respond negatively to hazards. The vulnerability to which the coastal zone of the Municipality of Jaguaruna is exposed is linked to the propensity to suffer damage or loss to erosion, flooding, and storm waves. The Jaguaruna shorefront was chosen because it has shown, over the years, an unplanned urban sprawl. Regarding the populational aspect, the study area is predominantly occupied in summer periods, characterized as a space for the construction of second residences. This problem made the environment especially vulnerable. Furthermore, the research becomes important as this study area is part of the Right Whale Environmental Protection Area. To assess the most exposed locations, a multicriteria coastal vulnerability index was generated using the geometric average of biogeophysical variables and socioeconomic data of the area of interest. The results of the biogeophysical exposure index combined with the mean population distribution index allowed us to assess the coastal sectors that are most vulnerable to coastal hazards. The maximum value of coastal vulnerability was observed in Torneiro and high values in Campo Bom and some regions of Camacho. The results are effective to be used with Government, because the recognition of the most vulnerable sectors can contribute to the identification of priority areas for coastal management and even indicate areas that need a priority mitigation plan against extreme events. Furthermore, we reinforce that the human presence on the coasts of the world modifies the natural environment and contributes decisively in increasing coastal vulnerability.