Assessment of liver fibrosis before and after antiviral therapy by different serum marker panels in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Abstract

Liver biopsy is the reference standard to assess liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. To validate and compare the diagnostic performance of non-invasive tests for prediction of liver fibrosis severity and assessed changes in extracellular matrix markers after antiviral treatment. The performances of Forns' score, AST to platelet ratio index (APRI), FIB-4 index and Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) score were validated in 340 patients who underwent antiviral therapy. These scores were determined 24 weeks after treatment in 161 patients. Forns' score, APRI, FIB-4 and ELF score showed comparable diagnostic accuracies for significant fibrosis [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) 0.83, 0.83, 0.85 and 0.81, respectively]. To identify cirrhosis, FIB-4 index showed a significantly better performance over APRI and ELF score (AUROC 0.89 vs. 0.83 and 0.82, respectively). ELF score decreased significantly in patients with sustained virological response (SVR) (P < 0.0001) but remained unchanged in nonresponders. Non-1 hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype, baseline lower HCV RNA, glucose, hyaluronic acid and higher cholesterol levels were independently associated with SVR. Simple panel markers and ELF score are accurate at identifying significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C. A decrease in ELF score after antiviral treatment reflects the impact of viral clearance in hepatic extracellular matrix and probably in the improvement of liver fibrosis.