Assessment of liver enzymes as diagnostic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study in Zakho, Iraq

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background This study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with abnormal liver enzyme profiles in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Zakho, to assess the association between demographic characteristics, clinical parameters, kidney function tests, lipid profiles, glucose levels, and T2D, and to identify resident risk factors. Research design and methods A cross-sectional analysis of T2D patients admitted to Zakho General Hospital was conducted utilizing hospital records. The primary endpoint of interest was attaining HbA1C levels ≥ 6.5%. Analytical methodologies encompassed linear and multivariate logistic regression analyses, with due consideration of the association between diverse parameters and glycemic alterations. Further, the predictive value of biomarkers was evaluated through Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and Area Under the Curve (AUC) analyses, complemented by Spearman correlation analysis to explore relationships among laboratory parameters. Results The study found that 89.4% of participants had HbA1C levels above 6.5%, with a preference for T2D among older individuals (mean age: 52.93–49.89 respectively) and females. Age, glucose levels, and liver enzymes positively correlated with HbA1C. Conclusions The study emphasizes the diagnostic importance of liver enzymes in individuals with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that these biomarkers could be valuable indicators of disease severity and progression.