Abstract
Pb in soil at various distance and depths was assessed at Pb and Zn mining site in Ishiagu Ebonyi State, Nigeria to determine the furthest distance travelled so far and the concentration at the distance. Pb ion in sampled soils at depth 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 and 40-50 cm within pollution zones in 1 km x 1 km area of 100 m grid intervals were fitted with mathematical models for prediction using MATLAB. Pb ion change with distance was fitted into power model and linear polynomial models at distinct grid points. The models predictions showed decrease in Pb ion with distance. It revealed that the ion had travelled far into the soil with a furthest distance of 4760 cm but with no soil pollution signal because 64.54 mg/kg (concentration at 4760 cm) is less than 100 mg/kg specified as the maximum for soils. It showed a signal that the metal might threaten the ground water at some future date with an objectionable concentration above 0.01 mg/l specified for drinking water. Concentration at some intermediate distances is risk signal of food pollution through absorption of the metal by crops with root morphology and depth reaching these intermediate depths of objectionable concentration.
Highlights
Man, through transportation (Ogbonna and Okezie, 2011), solid waste (Ogbonna and Okeke, 2011), pesticides application (Ogbonna et al, 2013), coal mining (Ogbonna et al, 2018a), timber exploration (Ogbonna et al, 2018b) and quarrying (Ogbonna et al, 2020) have laden the environment with heavy metals (HMs)
The ionic data change with distance fits into power model at grid point (GP) H6 and linear polynomial at GPF3, GPD4, GPD7, GPE4, GPG7, GPG10, GPI8, GPJ7 and GPJ10
This work is on lead movement in Amanye agro soils in Ebonyi State
Summary
Through transportation (Ogbonna and Okezie, 2011), solid waste (Ogbonna and Okeke, 2011), pesticides application (Ogbonna et al, 2013), coal mining (Ogbonna et al, 2018a), timber exploration (Ogbonna et al, 2018b) and quarrying (Ogbonna et al, 2020) have laden the environment with heavy metals (HMs). HMs are of sources of worry to man since they affect agricultural land and grown plants to contamination level and impact negatively on fauna (including man) feeding on the grown crops (Kachenko and Singh, 2006; Tasrina et al, 2015; Atikpo, 2016). Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology (NIJEST) Vol 4, No 2 October 2020, pp 463 - 472 and environmental risk information (Wuana and Okieimen, 2011) These are necessary because of the toxicity of HMs, their potential health effect, bioaccumulation and bio-magnification in food chains (Ogbonna and Okezie, 2011). The results of this study will help to enlighten the people of Amaonye Community on the risk(s) associated with making use of the contaminated soil for agricultural purposes
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