Abstract
Landslides are among the most important and frequent natural calamities that cause severe socio-economic and human losses. After earthquakes, landslides are responsible for the greatest number of casualties and the largest amount of damage to man-made structures. On average, southern Italy is affected by a high spatial density of landslides due to its complex geological setting, which often predisposes it to slope instability phenomena under both natural and anthropogenic influences. Structurally complex formations are widespread in the southern Apennines and are characterized by high heterogeneity and very poor mechanical properties. Thus, these formations represent one of the main factors contributing to the predisposition of slopes to landsliding. In this paper, landslide-induced damage was investigated and analyzed in an area within the municipality of Agnone (Molise region), which is affected by a complex landslide that involves a structurally complex formation. The approaches used were based on six different methods that have previously been described in the literature, and a comparison of the results was made. Data regarding the damage, which consists largely of cracks observed in buildings and at the ground, were compiled through field surveys. The results were critically analyzed to note the advantages and constraints of each classification scheme. The aim of the work was to apply and compare different approaches in order to test the best and most accurate procedures for assessing damage due to landslides at the scale of individual buildings as well as to provide an objective assessment of the degree of landslide damage to structures and facilities.
Highlights
Landslides are gravity-controlled natural or anthropogenic processes that represent the most widespread geological hazard worldwide (Schuster 1996; Schuster and Highland 2001)
The results derived from the damage assessment of the building and the infrastructures placed in Colle Lapponi - Piano Ovetta (CL-PO) landslide by means of the different approaches described earlier are presented
Negligible damage were observed in more recent structures, in a small house that was probably renovated in recent times and in buildings that were built further from the landslide than the others
Summary
Landslides are gravity-controlled natural or anthropogenic processes that represent the most widespread geological hazard worldwide (Schuster 1996; Schuster and Highland 2001). They have potentially catastrophic effects and cause considerable socio-economic damage as well as fatalities. In Italy, population growth and the consequent expansion of urban areas (Rybár 1997) have often induced people to build structures in areas over dormant landslides or at the edges of active landslide areas. Urban expansion can cause modifications to hillslope morphology, inducing terrain remobilization and reactivation of old landslides that were previously dormant or suspended, despite thousands of years of knowledge of negative experiences (Chiocchio et al 1997)
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