Assessment of Iron Oxide (III)–Therminol 66 Nanofluid as a Novel Working Fluid in a Convective Radiator Heating System for Buildings

M Sarafraz,R Ghomashchi,Cheng-Xian Lin,Mohammad Safaei,Marjan Goodarzi,Alireza Dareh Baghi,Arturo Leon

doi:10.3390/en12224327

M Sarafraz, R Ghomashchi + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/en12224327

Copy DOI

Abstract

This work investigates the use of iron oxide (III)–therminol 66 oil-based nanosuspensions in a convective heating system with potential heating applications in the buildings sector. In an experimental study, characteristics of nanofluids were measured, including heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and density. The influences of mass flow rate and concentration of nanofluid on various parameters were quantified, such as pressure loss, friction coefficient, and heat transfer rate. For a concentration of 0.3 wt.%, the heat transfer increased by 46.3% and the pressure drop increased by 37.5%. The latter is due to the higher friction and viscosity of the bulk of the nanofluid. Although the pressure drop is higher, the thermo-hydraulic efficiency still increased by 19%. As a result, iron oxide (III)–therminol 66 presented reasonable thermal performance, higher heat transfer coefficient, and a lower pressure drop value (19% better performance in comparison with water) for the air–liquid convective system. Results also showed that for nanosuspensions at 0.3 wt.%, the friction factor of the system increased by 10% in comparison with the performance of the system with water.

Highlights

As the population of the world increases, the demands for efficient cooling and heating systems increases
Most of the studies have focused on solutions for energy saving based around optimization of the design and configuration of the cooling and or heating systems [24], or on the type of the working fluid and the various materials used for thermal insulation, such as aerogel and plaster [25,26,27]
Better energy saving may be obtained by applying advanced control equipment in heating or cooling systems

Summary

Introduction

As the population of the world increases, the demands for efficient cooling and heating systems increases. Energy consumption increases in order to provide heating or cooling capacity for residential buildings have become a challenge. This is because fossil fuels are limited and the combustion of fossil fuel to produce energy is not sustainable, as it can pollute the environment and intensify global warming. Aside from this, the energy used in the industrial sector is supplied by fossil fuels, which increases environmental pollution. In-line with the limitation of fossil fuels, the price of these fuels varies due to their limited availability, war, and foreign policy. It can be stated that in order to balance the demand for energy with the available resources and energy technologies, effort

Methods

Results

Conclusion