Abstract
Aim: The objective of the research was to assess the innate immunity status of non-descript (ND) cattle in comparison to Sahiwal cattle in Chattisgarh by the determination of the phagocytosis activity (PA) and opsonocytophagic index (OI). Materials and Methods: In-vitro phagocytic activity of neutrophil was studied in ND and Sahiwal (S) cattle after dividing them in groups viz. ND-I, ND-II, S-I and S-II. Neutrophils were separated from the blood and activated with Staphylococcus aureus. PA and OI were observed under high power of a microscope at ×1000 magnification. Results: PA (percent) in groups ND-I, ND-II, S-I and S-II was 73.00±1.03, 82.25±1.51, 80.75±1.36 and 82.37±1.27, respectively which vary significantly (p<0.01), with respect to age. The observations regarding the OI (bacteria per neutrophil) in groups ND-I, ND-II, S-I and S-II was 7.17±0.04, 7.76±0.09, 7.02±0.04 and 7.79±0.06, respectively. Age difference was evident, i.e., OI increases as age increases. Conclusion: Innate immunity plays a vital role in host defense against diseases. Neutrophil kills the invading pathogen by phagocytic action. PA and OI is an important tool for the assessing innate immune status. After coincubation of neutrophil with bacterial cells, PA was significantly lower (p<0.01) in ND-I, calves group then other groups. Further, the result of OI clearly indicates that OI has increased as age increases in both breeds. The study will, therefore, generate first hand information on ND cattle along with their relative statistical differences, if any, when compared with Sahiwal.
Highlights
Most of the cattle population in India is of non-descript (ND) types that is difficult to categories as any specific breed and broadly termed as indigenous local breed
Innate immunity plays a vital role in host defense against diseases
phagocytosis activity (PA) and opsonocytophagic index (OI) is an important tool for the assessing innate immune status
Summary
Most of the cattle population in India is of non-descript (ND) types that is difficult to categories as any specific breed and broadly termed as indigenous local breed. While the research was conducted on production hike, the potential of indigenous breeds for disease resistance received less attention. 20% of these animals have been classified as recognized breeds and rest 80% is ND [2]. Major population of ND cattle remained undocumented play an important role in the upliftment of small regional farmers [3]. ND and Sahiwal both are indigenous cattle breeds for C.G. later being a recognized breed. The Sahiwal is one such breed which is an established breed in C.G. and probably in whole India.
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