Abstract
The assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) thresholds (HRVTs) as an alternative of Ventilatory thresholds (VTs) is a relatively new approach with increasing popularity which has not been conducted in cross-country (XC) skiing yet. The main purpose of the present study was to assess HRVTs in the five main XC skiing-related techniques, double poling (DP), diagonal striding (DS), Nordic walking (NW), V1 skating (V1), and V2 skating (V2).Ten competitive skiers completed these incremental treadmill tests until exhaustion with a minimum of one to two recovery days in between each test. Ventilatory gases, HRV and poling frequencies were measured. The first HRV threshold (HRVT1) was assessed using two time-domain analysis methods, and the second HRV threshold (HRVT2) was assessed using two non-time varying frequency-domain analysis methods. HRVT1 was assessed by plotting the mean successive difference (MSD) and standard deviation (SD) of normalized R-R intervals to workload. HRVT1 was assessed by plotting high frequency power (HFP) and the HFP relative to respiratory sinus arrhythmia (HFPRSA) with workload. HRVTs were named after their methods (HRVT1-SD; HRVT1-MSD; HRVT2-HFP; HRVT2-HFP-RSA). The results showed that the only cases where the proposed HRVTs were good assessors of VTs were the HRVT1-SD of the DS test, the HRVT1-MSD of the DS and V2 tests, and the HRVT2-HFP-RSA of the NW test. The lack of a wider success of the assessment of HRVTs was reasoned to be mostly due to the high entrainment between the breathing and poling frequencies. As secondary finding, a novel Cardiolocomotor coupling mode was observed in the NW test. This new Cardiolocoomtor coupling mode corresponded to the whole bilateral poling cycle instead of corresponding to each poling action as it was reported to the date by the existing literature.
Highlights
Within the last three decades, blood lactate curves and gas exchange measurements from incremental exercise tests have been used for the assessment of endurance capacity and trainingPLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0145875 January 4, 2016Assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) Thresholds in XC SkiingDevelopment Fund
Besides the aforementioned cases where HRV thresholds (HRVTs) could not be assessed, the reminders of HRVTs were assessed, including the HRVT1 corresponding to the VT1 that could not be assessed by the Ventilatory gas exchange method
This paper shows that the assessment of HRVTs in XC skiing requires the selection of an appropriate method, which might not always ensure the successful determination of HRVTs
Summary
Within the last three decades, blood lactate curves and gas exchange measurements from incremental exercise tests have been used for the assessment of endurance capacity and trainingPLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0145875 January 4, 2016Assessment of HRV Thresholds in XC SkiingDevelopment Fund. Within the last three decades, blood lactate curves and gas exchange measurements from incremental exercise tests have been used for the assessment of endurance capacity and training. Assessment of HRV Thresholds in XC Skiing. The project number was A32156, and the funder's website was https://www. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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