Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to describe and compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among populations with normal glycemic levels, prediabetes, and diabetes in southwest China and to offer baseline data that can be easily compared to other regions in China or across countries.Methods: A quality of life survey based on the EuroQoL-5 Dimension-5 level (EQ-5D-5L) scale was conducted through face-to-face or telephone interviews. A total of 403 respondents with diabetes, 404 with prediabetes, and 398 with normal blood glucose were enrolled in the survey. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to decrease the bias of three groups, conditioned on age and gender, body mass index (BMI), and household income. For the three groups, we matched two groups first and then matched the result with the third group. Differences among groups were compared by chi-square test one-way ANOVA after adjusting by PSM.Results: In general, the blood glucose of people with diabetes was generally well-controlled in southwest China, but they were often accompanied by the circulatory system and nutritional metabolic diseases. Ninety-nine individuals from each group were matched. The EuroQoL-5 Dimension index of the population with normal glycemic levels, prediabetes, and patients with diabetes was 0.901, 0.948, and 0.897. The EuroQol-visual analog scales (EQ-VAS) scores of each group above were 73.76, 77.45, and 68.34. HRQoL in males was higher than that of females in the three study groups. The results after PSM were consistent with that before matching.Conclusion: There was a general trend that patients were associated with a decline of HRQoL from the prediabetic population, population with normal glycemic levels to diabetic population. Pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression might not be specific for the population with or without diabetes.
Highlights
Diabetes is one of the most common and serious chronic diseases worldwide
This study described the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of populations with normal glycemic levels, prediabetes, and diabetes in southwest China
Compared with EuroQol-visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) scores ranging from 61 to 79 in other EQ-5D surveys, this study found a score of 69.35 for southwest Chinese diabetics, which is at an intermediate level, relative to previous reports
Summary
Diabetes is one of the most common and serious chronic diseases worldwide. An estimated 463 million adults were living with the condition in 2019, with numbers expected to reach 700 million by 2045 [1]. China has become the county with the largest number (116.4 million) of adults with diabetes in the world, which is projected to exceed 147.2 million in 2045 [1]. Individuals with prediabetes frequently develop diabetes within 10 years [3]. A nationally representative survey conducted in 2013 estimated that the prevalence of prediabetes in China was about 35.7% according to the diagnostic criteria of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) [4]
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