Abstract
BackgroundThe management of diabetes requires a fundamental change in the lifestyle of patients, and one of the important outcome criteria is the quality of life. We assessed the health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and examined the factors associated with it in type 2 diabetes.MethodsAn analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 type 2 diabetes patients (age >25 years and duration of diabetes >1 year). They were selected conveniently from the Out-Patient department of the Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences Hospital. The HR-QoL was assessed using an adapted and validated Bangla version of the EQ-5D (© 1990 EuroQol Group. EQ-5D™) questionnaire. It has five domains: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression and two levels (problem and no problem) on each dimension. The responses to the EQ-5D were further translated into a single summary EQ-5D index using the UK TTO value set.ResultsOf the patients, 50.2 % were female, and 49.4 % were aged >55 years. Only 28.4 % had completed higher secondary education, and 50.8 % were from lower-middle-income families. Around 78.8 % either had overweight or were obese. About 50.4 % had problems in mobility, 28.2 % in self-care, 47.6 % in usual activities, 72.8 % in pain/discomfort, and 73.6 % in anxiety/depression. Results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, lower-middle income, and HbA1C were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with mobility. Self-care was significantly (p < 0.05) related to age, family history and duration of diabetes mellitus (DM). Gender, family history of DM, and lower-middle income had a significant (p < 0.05) association with usual activities. Pain was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with age, lower-middle income, and upper-middle income. Rural area, higher education, and HbA1C were significantly (p < 0.05) related to anxiety. Results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age (p = 0.0001), female gender (p = 0.0001), and prescribed treatment (p = 0.048) were associated with the EQ-5D index.ConclusionsThe large majority (73 %) of the patients had problems in pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression; 50 % had problems in mobility and usual activities; and three in ten in self-care. Age, female gender, income, education, family history and duration of DM, and prescribed treatment are important factors that are associated with the HR-QoL in type 2 diabetes.
Highlights
The management of diabetes requires a fundamental change in the lifestyle of patients, and one of the important outcome criteria is the quality of life
Information on age, sex, educational qualification, occupation, monthly income, duration of diabetes, family history of diabetes, acquisition of information relating to diabetes, and prescribed treatment for patients was collected by interviewing the patients
Results of multiple linear regression analyses for the EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D) index are presented in Table 4, and the results showed that the overall multiple regression model achieved an adjusted R2 of 0.20; p = 0.0001
Summary
The management of diabetes requires a fundamental change in the lifestyle of patients, and one of the important outcome criteria is the quality of life. We assessed the health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and examined the factors associated with it in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is a chronic disease with a considerable impact on the health status and quality of life and is considered an urgent public-health issue because of its epidemic perspective. Like all other developed and developing countries, the prevalence and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are increasing in Bangladesh. By 2030, the number of diabetes patients is expected to rise to 11.1 million; this explosion will place the country among the top seven countries of the world in 2030 [3]
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