Assessment of health impacts of noise pollution in the Tarkwa Mining Community of Ghana using noise mapping techniques

Abstract

BackgroundNoise pollution is increasing across the world due to the increase in human activities in the urban areas. The main causes of noise pollution are man-made and environmental noise. However, long exposure to noise pollution could lead to dire health consequences like cardiovascular diseases, hearing impairment, sleep disturbances, and adverse social behavior etc., which is rarely documented in the study area. ObjectiveCommunities in the developing countries such as Ghana have little knowledge of effects of noise pollution on human health, which is demonstrated by their attitude towards this menace. This study assessed the health impacts of noise pollution and its spatial distribution in the Tarkwa Mining Community (TMC) of Ghana. MethodsTo achieve the study objective, questionnaires were administered; as well as collation of health data from major health centers in the study area. Noise levels were measured and noise map produced using geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Overlay maps of some diseases were done using overlay techniques in GIS. The noise exposure and corresponding noise doses for churches, working sites and social centers were also calculated using the respective formulae. ResultsThe noise levels were found to be high above the prescribed Ghana Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards, with traffic noise levels ranging from 65.00 dBA to 98 dBA, while that of churches ranged from 73.10 dBA to 107.00 dBA and that of working sites from 74.4 dBA to 115.2 dBA. The calculated noise exposure and corresponding noise dose for churches ranged from 75.1 dBA to 104.6 dBA (i.e., 10%‒8 000%), while that for workers’ sites were from 75.8 dBA to 115 dBA (i.e., 12%‒90 000%). Statistical regression and correlation analyses were done for diseases such as hypertension, ear problems and sleep disturbances. ConclusionThe study has therefore revealed that the noise levels in the study area are very high and corresponding health impacts are prominent. Stakeholders and authorities should devise mitigating measures to combat this rising menace. The results revealed a strong positive correlation between noise and corresponding health impacts. Despite the positive correlation there are other causes and effects to the mentioned diseases.