Abstract
Groundwater is the greatest significant source of water in the Bahr Al-Najaf area. In this research the DRASTIC technique has been utilized, to produce a map of ground water vulnerability for the area. Because of the relation between LULC (Land Use and Land Cover) and groundwater pollution, the LULC map was applied with the standard DRASTIC technique to confirm accuracy of vulnerability for pollution. A LULC map is extracted from Enhanced Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite imagery utilizing several methods in GIS. The LULC map shows that three portions of LULC can be recognized (Agricultural land, Wet land and Barren land). The LULC map was weighted and rated then changed to LULC index map. That index map is a supplementary factor that was combined to the standard DRASTIC technique to modify DRASTIC vulnerability in study area. The final vulnerability was obtained by the DRASTIC technique that varies from (70 to 140). The LULC index map as a modified DRASTIC with ranging of (95-175). The modified LULC of DRASTIC technique has a higher correlation (Pearson’s factor) 0.87 per concentration of nitrate values and is suggested as the best suitable technique to be utilized for the area of study.
Highlights
In dry regions of the world, groundwater is an invaluable provenance for water
Low vulnerability measured as a second effective class of the studied area with (18.9%). while, high and very low areas comprise (14.7%), and (1.1%) respectively
The results showed the Pearson’s correlation factor of standard DRASTIC is equaled to 0.36 while modified LULC of DRASTIC technique has a higher correlation factor 0.87 and is candidate as the best suitable technique for representing the vulnerability of the studied area
Summary
In dry regions of the world, groundwater is an invaluable provenance for water. If groundwater is contaminated, may cause an environmental degradation and health risk. In order to conserve groundwater resources and areas exposed to pollution, as a result of human activities, must be identified, which can be best achieved by estimating the vulnerability of groundwater [1]. Information which are essential for calculation of DRASTIC ratings are acquired from wells logs, pumping test results, geological maps and hydrogeologic reports of MWR (Ministry of Water Resource) archives of groundwater directorate in Al-Najaf government, Najaf meteorological station, and soil survey). DRASTIC technique applied in a GIS environment has been utilized to estimate the vulnerability of the study region.
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