Abstract
In order to investigate the interaction of genotype × trait and relationships among agronomic traits on 12 maize hybrids, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates in four regions of Karaj, Birjand, Shiraz, and Arak. Results of analysis of variance indicated that most of the genotypes were significantly different in terms of agronomic traits. Mean comparison by Duncan's method showed that KSC705 genotype was more favorable than other genotypes in all studied regions. SC604 genotype in Birjand and Karaj regions and KSC707 genotype in Shiraz region have higher rank than other genotypes. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationships between traits. In most of the studied regions, traits of number of grains in row and number of rows per ear were positively and significantly correlated with grain width and grain weight with grain yield. Graphical analysis was used to further investigate. Genotypes–trait interaction graph explained 59.27%, 61.22%, 59.17%, and 61.95% of total variance in Karaj, Birjand, Shiraz, and Arak, respectively. Based on the multivariate graph, KSC705, KSC706, and SC647 genotypes were identified as superior genotypes in all studied regions and KSC400 genotype did not show much response to change in traits. Correlation between grain width and number of rows in ear, plant height and grain length, one thousand grain weight and grain thickness, and ear diameter with number of grains in row was positive and significant. The results of classification graph of genotypes also divided the cultivars in to three groups as follows: KSC703, KSC400, and KSC706 genotypes in the first group; DC370, SC604, and SC301 in the second group; and KSC260, KSC704, KSC707, and SC301 in the third group.
Highlights
The maize (Zea mays L.) is considered as one of the most important crop plants in the world, in such a way that it plays a considerable role in the provision of most of the world people's food (Panda, Behera, & Kashyap, 2004)
This study revealed that GT biplot is an excellent tool for the identification of genotype by trait interactions
Gt biplot describes the interrelationships among traits and it was used to identifying hybrids that are good for some particular traits
Summary
The maize (Zea mays L.) is considered as one of the most important crop plants in the world, in such a way that it plays a considerable role in the provision of most of the world people's food (Panda, Behera, & Kashyap, 2004). In GGE biplot method, Yan used two primary main elements which are resulted from the analysis of specific values on the data related to the yield of several environments. In experiment done by Dolatabad, Choukan, Hervan, and Dehghani (2010) on the 14 maize hybrids in 9 research stations for studying genotype by trait (GT) biplot, clarified that correlation coefficient between grain yield components reveals a positive or negative relation between measured traits. Fan et al, (2007) in an experiment of 13 maize hybrids in 10 different regions used GGE biplot technique for studying traits correlation in various environments and concluded that yield stability should be useful in selecting superior hybrids in the absence of GGE biplot software. Grouping the genotypes based on the understudied traits in various regions
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