Assessment of genetic diversity, genetic relationship and bottleneck using microsatellites in some native Turkish goat breeds

Abstract

Genetic diversity, genetic relationship and bottleneck were evaluated in 5 native Turkish goat breeds (Angora, Kilis, Honamli, Hair and Norduz goat breeds) using 20 microsatellite markers. In order to investigate the genetic characterization of these goat breeds, this study was carried out with 20 different microsatellite markers in 4 different multi-locus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) systems. Twenty microsatellite loci analyses revealed that the average number of alleles per locus (15.65 allele/locus) and levels of heterozygosity (0.5192–0.9400) were fairly high. The calculated overall FIS value for all populations was 0.03656±0.033 and it was not significant. All the populations were in the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. According to FST values, a medium level of genetic diversity was found between the Angora goat breed and other breeds. Among the other breeds, genetic diversity was low and this diversity was statistically significant. All loci were polymorphic in all populations. Results of various analyses, such as allelic variation analysis, heterozygosity analysis, F statistics, STRUCTURE test and factorial correspondence analysis, indicated that the Angora goat breed is different than the other goat breeds. Furthermore, analysis showed that the other native goat breeds could not be distinguished from each other; these breeds were grouped together. Non-significant heterozygote excess on the basis of the TPM model, as revealed from the Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, along with a normal ‘L’-shaped distribution of mode-shift test, indicated no bottleneck in Angora, Kilis, Honamli, Hair and Norduz goat populations. The results obtained from the analysis of 20 microsatellite loci indicated that goat breeds other than the Angora goat breed cannot be genetically distinguished from each other.