Abstract
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal holds significant pharmaceutical and nutritional benefits. The stability and superior root yield of ashwangandha genotype is a crucial parameter for long-term development and raw material supply for pharma-industries. The impact of genotype × environment (G × E) interaction on economic traits (root yield) stability on ninety-six genotypes in four different environments was evaluated in this study. Using two models of stability analysis namely Eberhart - Russell and Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis models, current study was focused on adaptability and phenotypic stability of ashwangandha genotypes. Field trail was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Phenotypic data were collected on eleven important traits including four commercially important traits viz total soluble sugars (TSS), starch content, withanolides content and crude fiber in the main and late-season in 2020 and 2021. Analysis of variance exhibited consistency between both models. These results depicated G × E interaction, revealing subtle variations in response to environmental conditions. Eberhart and Russell model provided valuable trait performance insights, while AMMI offered genotype and environment insights. Interestingly, Eberhart and Russell model identified Env 3 as superior while Env 4 as a challenging environment. Genotypes viz. AGP-84, AGP-16, AGP-79, AGP-95, AGP-57 and AGP-14 exhibited stability and consistent performance for root yield across environments. AMMI analysis captured 52.7 % variance in the first principal component and 26.3 % in the second. Genotypes namely AGP 18, AGP 22, and AGP 57 were found best and stabile with high mean dry root yield in both models. Env 1 stood out as the most distinct, and Env 2 was representative for selecting the best genotypes.
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