Abstract
Pine resin, one type of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), is important for Indonesia. In addition to its high economic value, pine resin also has bright domestic and international market prospects. Utilization of commercial pine resin has been carried out in Indonesia, but the forest road network required for extracting pine resin has not been specifically planned. To date, the planning and selection of forest road network in forest management in Indonesia are intended only for the extraction of timber products and have not been integrated with the use of NTFPs; also, they have not considered the economic, ecological, and social aspects a whole. Planning and selection of forest road network have focused more on economic aspects only. This study aimed at planning and assessing the forest road network for extracting pine resin by considering the economic, ecological, and social criteria. Decision-making method used to select the best forest road network was utility analysis. Indicator used included road length, road density, a correction factor for manual carrying of pine resin, pine resin carrying distance, road construction cost, and productivity of carrying and extracting pine resin. The result of the utility analysis indicates that an alternative of forest road network for extracting pine resin has no the whole best indicators, but it has the highest utility value. This study suggested that the use of the utility analysis help the decision makers to selects process for forest road network alternative easily and rapidly.
Highlights
Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are biological materials other than timber produced from forests (Chamberlain et al 2002; Kilchling et al 2009)
non-timber forest products (NTFPs) were considered as byproducts; there has been a change of paradigm from timberbased forest management to multi-function or multi-benefitbased forest management (Garcia-Fernandez et al 2008; Kilchling et al 2009; Chiou et al 2010), and timber-based forest management has been integrated with the NTFPs as practiced in Bolivia (Guariguata et al 2008)
Forest road network quality The quality of forest road network for extracting pine resin can be determined by key parameters such as the road density, road spacing, shortest mean carrying distance of pine resin (SMCD), actual mean carrying distance of pine resin (AMCD), and Correction factor (CF)
Summary
Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are biological materials other than timber produced from forests (Chamberlain et al 2002; Kilchling et al 2009). Pine resin is an important NTFP for Indonesia, and has a high economic value and good market prospect. Indonesia has an important position in the pine resin world trade. Indonesia is the second largest producer of pine resin in the world after China. The pine resin production of China reached approximately 60% of the total world production of pine resin, while the production of pine resin in Indonesia only reached 10% (FAO 2011). Utilization of pine resin in Indonesia has been conducted since the development of pine plantations in Java Island, and it is currently expanding to several islands outside Java, such as Sumatra, Kalimantan and Sulawesi. Most of the Indonesia's pine resin is produced from plantation forests of Java Island, and only a small proportion is produced irregularly from outside Java, especially from Sumatra (Irawan et al 2007; FAO 2011)
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