Abstract
Fluvial channel form and its dynamics over the period of time have been a major interest of study in fluvial geomorphology. The present study deals with the fluvial morphological characteristics of the Padma River in northwestern Bangladesh. Morphological and morpho-dynamic maps of the Padma River were prepared using remote sensing techniques. Sinuosity ratio, braided index and island percentage of the study area were estimated for the year of 1977, 1989 and 2000 respectively. Results showed a remarkable change in position of bank and channel as well as bars along with their geometry and morphology over time. Result also demonstrates that the bank line is unstable and migrated continuously towards westward in the recent decades. In addition, the study reveals that overall width of the Padma River is varied significantly during the last 23 years. Different maps and Landsat images (band 4) depict that the river shifting is abnormal which is alarming for the existence of the study area people. Outcomes of this study obtained from investigating satellite remote sensing imagery provide valuable information about the bank erosion and channel shifting of fluvial morphology of the Padma River and to recommend some protective measures.
Highlights
Bangladesh has a unique hydro-geologic setting and deltaic floodplains which are formed by the deposition of the Ganges (Padma), Brahmaputra (Jamuna) and Meghna River [1]
The Landsat satellite images were used to show the changes of the Padma River channel dynamics over the three decades
The Padma River provides an important site for fundamental research on channel dynamics in complex fluvial geomorphology
Summary
Bangladesh has a unique hydro-geologic setting and deltaic floodplains which are formed by the deposition of the Ganges (Padma), Brahmaputra (Jamuna) and Meghna River [1]. These river formations and its dynamics over time have been an interesting subject of study in geomorphology [2]. The Padma, the Megna, the Jamuna are the big and wide rivers of Bangladesh These three major rivers, their distributaries that control its hydrological and fluvio-morphological behaviors. The Padma River along its course in northwestern Bangladesh is vulnerable to channel shifting and bank erosion [4]. Channel morphology of the Padma River forms a complex interaction of channel dynamics and sediment characteristics in the study area
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