Abstract
Abstract. Although dams are very useful engineering structures, they can have extremely harmful consequences if they fail. One example of these failures occurred in Sardoba Reservoir (Uzbekistan). On May 1, 2020, a part of an earthfill dam failed along the Sardoba Reservoir, and a large region with settlements and agricultural areas in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan was flooded. Accurate mapping and monitoring of the flooded areas are crucial for the damage assessment and the mitigation efforts. Satellite Earth Observation datasets can serve for these purposes due to their greater availability with high spatial and temporal resolutions. However, the optical sensors have limitations for data acquisition due to the atmospheric conditions, particularly the cloud cover, which often severely affects the image usability when floods occur. The synthetic aperture radar sensors provide valuable information under all weather conditions, but their interpretation is relatively difficult. Therefore, a data fusion methodology is proposed here for the integrated use of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 datasets using a set of features obtained from both. Four different feature combinations were evaluated using the random forest classifier. The pre-processing steps for the feature extraction are explained in detail and the results are discussed here. The proposed algorithm exhibits very high classification accuracy for the flooded areas and flooded vegetation classes. The method can be employed for the flash flood mapping at regional scale. In addition, the damage assessment especially for agricultural areas in the region is very important for accounting the economic losses and the resilience purposes.
Highlights
Dams are one of the major infrastructures, and they are constructed for various purposes such as energy production, flood control, irrigation, industrial and domestic water supply etc
On May 1, 2020, a part of an earthfill dam failed along the Sardoba Reservoir in Uzbekistan, and a large area in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan was flooded
A flash flood occurred on May 1st, 2020 in the area after the break of a dam constructed on Sardoba Reservoir; and caused losses of lives, evacuations from the settlements, and severe damages in agricultural areas
Summary
Dams are one of the major infrastructures, and they are constructed for various purposes such as energy production, flood control, irrigation, industrial and domestic water supply etc. In addition to losses of human lives, agricultural areas, natural flora and fauna, and various infrastructures can be damaged by floods occur after a dam failure. The rapid determination of flooded areas is extremely important for emergency aid and identification of damaged areas since the floods caused by a dam failure develop very rapidly and affect very large areas. On May 1, 2020, a part of an earthfill dam failed along the Sardoba Reservoir in Uzbekistan, and a large area in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan was flooded. It was aimed to determine the areas affected by the flood after the dam failure by using Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Sentinel-2 optical datasets
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