Assessment of Finite-Rate Chemistry Effects in a Turbulent Dilute Ethanol Spray Flame

Abstract

Simulations of a benchmark ethanol dilute spray flame are performed with four combustion models at different levels of closure for turbulence–chemistry interaction (TCI) to provide a head-to-head comparative analysis on the closure effects of TCI. The evaluation is performed in the context of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations taking advantage of the simple jet configuration, together with a Lagrangian discrete phase model for tracking the spray droplets. Two well-validated ethanol mechanisms consisting of 40 and 50 species, respectively, are employed to describe the chemical kinetics and reveal the impact of chemistry. Results are compared against measurement, including gas-phase velocity, temperature, and droplet velocity, demonstrating the improvement with the increasing accuracy in TCI modeling from characteristic time scale model, laminar finite rate model, eddy dissipation concept model, and transported probability density function (PDF) model. Effects of micromixing in PDF simulation are further investigated considering different model formulations and mechanical-to-scalar timescale ratios (). The Euclidean minimum spanning tree model with yields the best prediction of the mean temperature. The analysis on flame structure suggests that the flame exhibits a mixed mode of combustion, i.e., a stratified premixed flame in the upstream and a typical non-premixed flame in the downstream.