Assessment of fetal myocardial performance index in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective cohort study.

Abstract

Our aim was to investigate the effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on fetal myocardial performance in women who had it during their pregnancy. In our prospective cohort study including healthy pregnant women and pregnant with SARS-CoV-2 infection, we collected patients' data between June 2021 and April 2022. Maternal characteristics, gestational age at SARS-CoV-2 infection and ultrasound examination, and body mass index were noted. Fetal biometry, fetal anatomy scanning, placenta, amniotic fluid index (AFI), and Doppler parameters were routinely examined in all patients. Left ventricular myocardial performance index (MPI) was measured during fetal echocardiography examination. Doppler parameters, AFI, and MPI values were compared between two groups. Compared with the control group (n = 80), MPI values were found within normal limits in fetuses of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 80) (MPI: 0.38 ± 0.06 in the control groups vs. 0.39 ± 0.05 in the SARS-COV-2 positive group, p = 0.79). There was no relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and changes in AFI and umbilical artery pulsatility index (PI) values. Uterine artery PI values were significantly higher in pregnant women with (SARS-CoV-2) infection (0.81 in the control group vs. 0.97 in the SARS-CoV-2 group, p < 0.05). Fetal cardiac functions were not affected in pregnant women with previous (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Further metaanalyses are warranted to confirm the results.