Assessment of Factors affecting Patients Compliance in Tuberculosis Therapy in Pakistan

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge globally, with a particularly high burden in countries like Pakistan. Despite advances in treatment, patient compliance with TB therapy remains a critical issue. This study focuses on assessing the factors affecting patient compliance with TB therapy in the Pakistani cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a public-sector hospital in Rawalpindi. Data was collected through a comprehensive, validated questionnaire administered to 423 TB patients at the Begum Jan Hospital, Islamabad. The study employed systematic random sampling and was completed over a six-month period. The questionnaire was refined based on a pilot study and covered various aspects of the patients' experiences and knowledge about TB. Results: The study population comprised 44.92% males and 55.08% females, with a broad age distribution. A majority of participants were literate (60.05%) and had a low income. A significant number (66.67%) reported previous contact with TB. Awareness of TB transmission, prevention, and treatment varied, with a notable lack of knowledge about the risk of resistance development from improper treatment adherence. Most participants (91.49%) expressed satisfaction with their TB treatment, and a large majority informed family and friends about their illness. However, concerns about social isolation, financial burdens, and difficulty accessing healthcare facilities were prevalent. Counseling on medication intake and side effects was provided to most patients, but gaps in knowledge and support remained evident. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of addressing treatment compliance in Tuberculosis (TB) management. Key factors impacting compliance include limited awareness about TB, unsupervised medication intake, social stigma, and inadequate counseling. Enhancing health education for patients, the public, and healthcare providers is crucial for improving treatment adherence and reducing TB's overall burden.