Assessment of facial analysis measurements by golden proportion

Kerem Sami Kaya,Bilge Türk,Mahmut Cankaya,Nurullah Seyhun,Berna Uslu Coşkun

doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2018.07.009

Kerem Sami Kaya, Bilge Türk + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2018.07.009

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Abstract

IntroductionThe face is the most important factor affecting the physical appearance of a person. In facial aesthetics, there is a specific mathematical proportion, which is called golden proportion, used to measure and analyse facial aesthetic qualities in population. ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to measure the facial soft tissue proportions which would help to constitute a standard for facial beauty and diagnose facial differences and anomalies and to compare these proportions to the golden proportion. MethodsOne hundred and thirty-three (133) Turkish patients 18–40 years of age (61 females, 72 males) were involved in the study. Analysis of the photographs was performed by the same physician, and a software programme was used (NIH Image, version 1.62). Facial proportions were measured and differences from the golden proportions were recorded and grouped as normal (1.6–1.699), short (<1.6) and long (>1.699). ResultsAccording to the facial analysis results, the trichion–gnathion/right zygoma–left zygoma was assessed: 33.1% of the patients were in normal facial morphology, 36.8% were in long facial morphology and 30.1% were in short facial morphology, according to this proportion. The trichion–gnathion/right zygoma–left zygoma proportion was significantly higher in males than females (p<0.001). Statistically significant difference was noted in gender groups, according to the trichion–gnathion/right zygoma–left zygoma and the right lateral canthus–left lateral canthus/right cheilion–left cheilion proportions (p=0.001, p=0.028). ConclusionFacial proportion assessments in relation to the golden proportion showed that a statistically significant difference was observed between gender groups. Long facial morphology was observed more in males (51.4%); normal (41%) and short (39.3%) facial morphology were more common in females. The measurements and proportions for facial balance in our study population showed that the facial width and height proportions deviated from the golden proportion.

Highlights

The face is the most important factor affecting the physical appearance of a person
Facial height (Tr---Sn/Sn---Gn) and facial wideness (LcR---LcL/ChR---ChL) measurements showed that patients predominantly showed long face morphology (Table 2)
The Tr---Sn/Sn---Gn facial analysis proportions showed that 13.5% of the patients were in normal morphology, 75.2% were in long morphology and 11.3% were in short morphology

Summary

Introduction

There is a specific mathematical proportion, which is called golden proportion, used to measure and analyse facial aesthetic qualities in population. Facial proportions were measured and differences from the golden proportions were recorded and grouped as normal (1.6---1.699), short (1.699). Results: According to the facial analysis results, the trichion---gnathion/right zygoma---left zygoma was assessed: 33.1% of the patients were in normal facial morphology, 36.8% were in long facial morphology and 30.1% were in short facial morphology, according to this proportion. The trichion---gnathion/right zygoma---left zygoma proportion was significantly higher in males than females (p < 0.001). There is a specific mathematical proportion which is called golden proportion (GP).[5] The GP is a commonly observed identity in nature. Many authors have used the GP tool to measure and analyse facial aesthetic qualities in their own countries

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