Assessment of eye drop instillation techniques among patients with primary open angle glaucoma in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

Abstract

To assess the technique of eye drop instillation and its determinants among patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) attending a Nigerian tertiary hospital. This study was a cross-sectional observational study conducted among 130 participants. Systematic sampling technique was used. Inclusion criteria were the presence of POAG, in individuals ≥ 18years, and self-instilling their ocular hypotensive medications for at least 6months. Demographic data and clinical characteristics were obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and clinical examination. All participants underwent eye drop instillation of sterile water. Administration techniques were observed and graded using a comprehensive grading scheme. Patients with poor techniques were educated. Determinants of poor eye drop administration technique were also explored. One hundred and thirty patients with POAG were studied. The mean age was 57.13 ± 13.20years, and 63% percent of the participants had poor eye drop administration technique. On multivariate analysis, previous eye drop instillation education significantly influenced eye drop instillation technique (p = 0.02; OR = 3.230; 95% CI = 1.173-8.896). Among the participants, 47 (36%) touched the globe, 128 (98.5%) did not wash their hands, and 126 (97%) did not occlude the punctum. Sequel to the training, mean score of subjects improved from 2.8 ± 1.1 to 4.1 ± 1.3 (p value < 0.001). This study demonstrated that a high proportion of POAG patients had poor eye drop instillation technique despite long-term self-use of topical medication. Thus, this aspect of therapy deserves periodic scrutiny by the clinician.