Abstract
The problem of air pollution in the cities of China is known far beyond its borders. It even jeopardized the holding of the XXIX Olympic Games in 2008. Purpose. o determine environmental risks for the population based on the assessment of air pollution in the cities of Beijing, Chengdu and Sanya (PRC). The work was carried out on the basis of data from the Chinese online platform «PM2.5 lishishuju» on the condition of air pollution in China’s cities. A comparative assessment of pollutants content in the air has been carried out and the environmental risk for the population of these cities has been calculated. This calculation has been made in accordance with the methodology used in assessing the risk to public health exposed to chemicals that pollute the environment by inhaling substances into the human body. The risk is calculated by comparing the actual exposure level with the safe exposure level and determining the hazard coefficient of exposure to the substance. According to the calculations results, the ranking of substances polluting the air by the magnitude of the hazard coefficient was carried out to determine the highest priority pollutants. The results of the study have showed that the overall risk level for Beijing is 11.6; for the city of Chengdu − 26.4; for the city of Sanya − 4.5. In all studied cities, the overall level of non-carcinogenic risk exceeds the permissible limit value. The greatest contribution to the overall risk of non-carcinogenicity is made by the following elements: in Beijing − suspended solids (PM 2.5) − 40%, in Chengdu − suspended solids (PM 2.5) − 73%, in Sanya − ozone (O3) - 52%. These substances determine the likelihood of negative effects in various organs and systems of the human body. Therefore, in addition to the overall level of risk, the effects on critical organs and systems must also be considered. The results of the study have showed that the respiratory organs are most vulnerable to air pollution in the cities under study. The most dangerous excess is observed in Chengdu − 26.11. A negative effect on the cardiovascular system occurs in two cities: Chengdu − 2.35, and Beijing − 2.30; impact on human development is from 2.30 to 2.35 (respectively, in Beijing and Chengdu). In Sanya, risk indicators do not exceed the permissible level.
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