Assessment of environmental hazards at El-Galala El-Bahariya Plateau, Gulf of Suez, Egypt, using spatial multihazards assessment modeling

Abstract

Environmental multihazard assessment modeling is essential for developing plans to mitigate the impact of future risks. They can be generated for a specific location by combining assessment maps of different types of natural hazards. Multiple approaches were used in this study to achieve an analytical hierarchy. “, including the usage of a geographical information system (GIS), fieldwork, geoanalytical studies, and chemical analysis” for an improved flow of information. The assessment maps of risk factors were initially produced. Subsequently, these maps were combined into a single map of multihazards using a spatial decision model. Hazard analysis indicated that the central part of the El-Galala El-Bahariya Plateau in the study area had the steepest slope (near vertical and classified as “high” to “very high”). The central part of the El-Galala El-Bahariya Plateau is the second largest part of the study area. Numerous tourist resorts have been established at this site. The rock formation in the research area was partially comprised very weak micrite limestone. Micrite limestone exceeds the recommended limits at 20% of the total rock formation. Unfortunately, projects aimed at attracting tourists have been built on deteriorating rocks, increasingly becoming of poorer rock quality. The results showed that parts of the study area become vulnerable to natural hazards due to its tectonic history and particular rock formation. The produced multihazard map indicated that the most suitable areas for urban development were located in the eastern part of the mountains. A safety zone limiting the location of tourist resorts would be required. To avoid rock deterioration and dissolution, unplanned waterwaste systems would have to be prohibited, and isolated waste pipes would be constructed. Environmentally friendly geotechnical solutions should be used to increase the rock strength, end rock destruction, and reduce hazard exposure.