Abstract
This paper presents a series of economic efficiency studies comparing three different investment variants: without energy storage, with energy stored in batteries and hydrogen installation with a PEM fuel cell stack for a location in Poland. To reach a target, the current solar potential in Poland, the photovoltaic (PV) productivity, the capacity of the energy storage in batteries as well as the size of the hydrogen production system were calculated. The solar potential was determined using archival meteorological data and the Krieg estimation method. A laboratory scale PV system (1 kW) was used to estimate the decrease in real solar installation power during the last 10 years of operation. All analyses were made for a 100 kW photovoltaic array located in Poland using static and dynamic methods of investment project assessment, such as Simply Bay Back Period (SPBP) or Net Present Value (NPV). The results showed that the SPBP amounted to 8.8 years and NPV 54,896 € for non-storage systems. Whereas, for systems with energy stored the economic indexes were, as follow: SPBP = never, NPV = 183,428 € for batteries and SPBP = 14.74 years, NPV = 22,639 € for hydrogen/fuel cell installation. Storage in hydrogen is more advantageous than batteries due to the smaller investment outlays.
Highlights
The Polish energy sector is characterized by many problems such as high demand for energy, an inadequate level of development of the production and transport infrastructure of fuels and energy as well as the dependence on external fuel suppliers
The results showed that the Simple Payback Period (SPBP) amounted to 8.8 years and Net Present Value (NPV) 54,896
This study aims to: (i) evaluate the rate of efficiency decrease in function of time, estimate the solar potential in Poland basing on the metrological data, (ii) design of the three comparable PV systems
Summary
The Polish energy sector is characterized by many problems such as high demand for energy, an inadequate level of development of the production and transport infrastructure of fuels and energy as well as the dependence on external fuel suppliers. Electricity in Poland is mainly produced from non-renewable sources. In 2018 the most commonly used fuels were hard coal with a share of. 47.8% and lignite with a share of 29% [1]. The combustion of fossil fuels is not in line with the strategy of the European Union (EU). In the coming future [2]. Other solutions for applying renewable energy sources (RES)
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