Abstract
Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) inherently possess an energy storage that can be used to help mitigate power imbalances due to perturbations in the system. Control systems use this reserve to release or absorb additional energy, from which additional power contributions are manifested based on the time derivative. However, this requires not only the controller response speeds to be sufficiently fast, but also the MMC to be capable of reaching the set point demanded from its controllers within sufficient time. Furthermore, large energy storage elements in the MMC have implications on its response speed. Detailed electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations may be used to determine the natural MMC response speed capability, but this comes at high computational costs, especially in larger MMCs. This paper derives a closed-form equation for the response speed of an MMC. It is obtainable without the construction of waveforms or iterative calculations, which makes it computationally efficient. Parametric studies are conducted and investigate the effect of different MMC parameters on its settling time. Results obtained from the model have been compared against those from EMT simulations. The model may be used as an initial design tool, particularly when the natural response speed of the MMC is a concern.
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