Abstract
Landscape architecture with urban green space as the main research object is an evidence-based science. It is an important issue to optimize green space systems from the point of view of ecosystem services. In this paper, high-resolution (1.5 m resolution) remote sensing images are combined with data-processing software, such as ENVI, ArcGIS, and Fragstats, to evaluate ecosystem service quality and compute the landscape pattern in the Haidian District (Beijing, China), so that the relationship between the ecosystem service quality and landscape pattern can be quantitatively studied and a strategy can be provided for green space optimization in cities. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) for the evaluated quality of 14 ecosystem services in Haidian District (refer to Section Analysis of the Association of the Percentage of Patches (PLAND) Index of Forest Land and Quality of Ecosystem Service in Haidian District). Forest land is the main provider of the ecosystem service in Haidian District, while construction land only provides cultural services; (2) on the whole, the spatial distribution of the ecosystem services in Haidian District gradually decreases from the west to the east, which basically matches with the spatial distribution of the forest land. The regulating service and supporting service are matched with the distribution of the urban green space. The cultural service is closely associated with history resource points; and (3) the analysis results of the association between landscape pattern and ecosystem service quality show that the percentage of patches (PLAND) index for forest land has a significant logarithmic relationship with the regulating service and supporting service. The critical value of the PLAND index is 30. Besides the Xishan area with the most coverage of forest land, the landscape shape index (LSI) of the brushwood has a logarithmic relationship with the ecosystem service quality. The critical value of the LSI value is 50. Finally, this paper proposes an area optimization strategy of green space in Haidian District from the view of the ecosystem system service. The Xishan area is classified into the ecosystem red line to control city expansion. The regulating and supporting services can be enhanced in the north flat area by improving the patch shape index. The ecosystem service capabilities can be improved by adding the forest land in the existing green space for the southeast urban areas.
Highlights
Ecosystem services (ES) are considered to be the benefits obtained by human beings from an ecosystem
In order to study the relationship between the ecosystem service quality and landscape pattern in Haidian District, the picture was evenly divided into 4000 × 4000 m fishnet grids in the ArcGIS
The results show that the percentage of landscape (PLAND) index of the forest land and the landscape shape index (LSI) of the brush are significantly associated with the quality of the ecosystem service
Summary
Ecosystem services (ES) are considered to be the benefits obtained by human beings from an ecosystem. This paper tries to divide research units in Haidian District and study the relationship between the ecosystem service quality and landscape pattern, in order to provide a basis for urban green space system optimization from the ecological point of view and provide feasible strategies for the improvement of urban ecosystem. Urban green spaces intercept rainfall, suppress evaporation, reduce surface runoff, and increase the underground runoff to conserve contents under common action of plants, soil, and weather, and the water conservation capabilities can be quantified by regulating water capacity [57]. The soil conservation is based on the following principle: The living mulch and withered and fallen substance layer will intercept rainfall to reduce the flushing experience acquired by people from the ecosystem. With the development of technology and the generation of big data, partial experts and scholars evaluate ecosystem cultural services by using the point of interest
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