Abstract
Ecological sustainability is treated as a main reflection of the synergy among social development, economic growth and environmental protection, while ecological efficiency is an index used to reflect the sustainable development of the ecological environment. The super efficiency model with undesirable outputs (SE-SBM) model was applied to measure the eco-efficiency of the 12 counties in the Minjiang-Source, China, in 2005–2017. The spatial and temporal evolution and spatial differentiation of the eco-efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that the eco-efficiency of 67.7% of the 12 counties remains at a low level but with an increasing trend. A typical spatial aggregation effect was found with the characteristics of “high in the east and low in the west”. The Malmquist-Luenberger index shows a trend of fluctuation with the same trend between scale efficiency and technical efficiency changes. The results proved the positive effect of technological progress on local eco-efficiency. Environmental regulation has a positive impact on eco-efficiency in the short term and an inhibition effect in the long run. Hence, technological innovation and industrial adjustment will be an effective way to improve the eco-efficiency of the Minjiang-Source and promote its sustainability.
Highlights
Society has made great efforts towards economic development while consuming too many natural resources, bringing severe pollution problems
The key ecological functional areas have been troubled by the difficulty in coordinating ecological environment protection and regional economic development, as well as by the severe challenges of resource demand pressure and ecological environment destruction [3,4]
Sg ≥ 0 sb ≥ 0 λ≥0 where, ρ in Equation (2) denotes the eco-efficiency of the decision-making unit, m represents the number of input indicators, s1 represents the number of output indexes, s2 denotes the number of undesirable output indicators, and s is slack variable
Summary
Society has made great efforts towards economic development while consuming too many natural resources, bringing severe pollution problems. Due to natural resource constraint, the world, especially China, is facing a lot of environmental and ecological problems, such as air pollution and ecological damage To overcome these problems, the Chinese government has taken a lot of measures, such as laws like the Pollution Prevention Act and the Environmental Protection Act, measures like cleaner production and a recycling economy, and systems like the environmental protection administrative system of interviews. The Chinese government has taken a lot of measures, such as laws like the Pollution Prevention Act and the Environmental Protection Act, measures like cleaner production and a recycling economy, and systems like the environmental protection administrative system of interviews It has experienced a great evolution, both in practice and theory, from an administrative management-based approach to an economic instruments-based approach, from environmental protection to sustainable development, and from pollution control to ecological conservation [1]. The results provide reference for the sustainable development of key ecological function areas and provide scientific basis for local policy making
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