Assessment of eccentric exercise-induced oxidative stress using oxidation-reduction potential markers.

Dimitrios Stagos,David Bar-Or,Ioannis Kafantaris,Athanasios Poulios,Athanasios Z Jamurtas,Nikolaos Goutzourelas,Dimitrios Kouretas,Chariklia K Deli,Amalia-Maria Ntontou

doi:10.1155/2015/204615

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the use of static (sORP) and capacity ORP (cORP) oxidation-reduction potential markers as measured by the RedoxSYS Diagnostic System in plasma, for assessing eccentric exercise-induced oxidative stress. Nineteen volunteers performed eccentric exercise with the knee extensors. Blood was collected before, immediately after exercise, and 24, 48, and 72 h after exercise. Moreover, common redox biomarkers were measured, which were protein carbonyls, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, total antioxidant capacity in plasma, and catalase activity and glutathione levels in erythrocytes. When the participants were examined as one group, there were not significant differences in any marker after exercise. However, in 11 participants there was a high increase in cORP after exercise, while in 8 participants there was a high decrease. Thus, the participants were divided in low cORP group exhibiting significant decrease in cORP after exercise and in high cORP group exhibiting significant increase. Moreover, only in the low cORP group there was a significant increase in lipid peroxidation after exercise suggesting induction of oxidative stress. The results suggested that high decreases in cORP values after exercise may indicate induction of oxidative stress by eccentric exercise, while high increases in cORP values after exercise may indicate no existence of oxidative stress.

Highlights

Eccentric exercise is an active contraction of a muscle occurring simultaneously with lengthening of the muscle and induces severe muscle damage characterised by decreased muscle force production [1, 2], increased serum creatine kinase (CK) activity [1, 2], and inflammation response [3,4,5]
The generation of Reactive species (RS) during an extended bout of eccentric exercise has been attributed to different mechanisms such as xanthine and NADPH oxidase production, ischemia reperfusion, prostanoid and catecholamine metabolism, disruption of iron-containing proteins, and excessive calcium accumulation [9]
It is taken as granted that eccentric exercise induces oxidative stress, great differences have been shown in the extent of oxidative stress between different individuals after eccentric exercise [12]

Summary

Introduction

Eccentric exercise is an active contraction of a muscle occurring simultaneously with lengthening of the muscle and induces severe muscle damage characterised by decreased muscle force production [1, 2], increased serum creatine kinase (CK) activity [1, 2], and inflammation response [3,4,5]. Eccentric exercise induces damage to skeletal muscle in a fiber specific manner [6]. Reactive species (RS) have been shown to play an important role in both the initiation and the progression of muscle fiber injury after eccentric exercise [7, 8]. Margaritelis et al [12] have reported that eccentric exercise can induce reductive stress or negligible stress in a considerable number of people. These differences impose the need for finding markers that could predict the severity of oxidative stress

Objectives

Methods

Results