Assessment of drought resistance in plants of the genus Aristolochia L.

Abstract

The examination of plant resistance to drought is becoming increasingly relevant due to global warming. All species of the genus Aristolochia L. possess high decorative qualities and play an important role in natural ecosystems. However, under conditions of temperature imbalance, their ornamental value may decrease due to leaf turgor loss and even leaf shedding. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the results of studies on the drought resistance assessment of Aristolochia L. plant species to identify the most promising taxa suitable for cultivation in the city of Kyiv. The study was conducted in 2022 on three species of vines: Aristolochia macrophylla Lam., A. tomentosa Sims., A. manshuriensis Kom., which grow in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden (Kyiv). The study presented results on leaf hydration parameters, water deficit, water-holding capacity of leaves, electrical conductivity, and specific leaf area conducted in the Plant Physiology and Microbiology Laboratory of the Institute of Horticulture, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Field assessment of Aristolochia L. plant drought resistance was also conducted. It was established that Aristolochia macrophylla Lam. is the most drought-resistant species, exhibiting low transpiration rates and high water-holding capacity. Aristolochia tomentosa Sims. it is the least drought-resistant species, which therefore needs additional care. In field conditions, significant signs of wilting were not observed, indicating that leaves reduce turgor during the day and recover at night. It is also important to preserve the environment in which these plants grow, as its changes affect the drought tolerance and life cycle of lianas. The results of the drought resistance research on Aristolochia L. plants point to the potential of these species. They can be used for selecting plant assortments for creating various types of plantations in urban environments