Abstract
Drought has devastating impacts on agriculture and other ecosystems, and its occurrence is expected to increase in the future. However, its spatiotemporal impacts on net primary productivity (NPP) in Mongolia have remained uncertain. Hence, this paper focuses on the impact of drought on NPP in Mongolia. The drought events in Mongolia during 2003–2018 were identified using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator (BEPS)-derived NPP was computed to assess changes in NPP during the 16 years, and the impacts of drought on the NPP of Mongolian terrestrial ecosystems was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed a slightly increasing trend of the growing season NPP during 2003–2018. However, a decreasing trend of NPP was observed during the six major drought events. A total of 60.55–87.75% of land in the entire country experienced drought, leading to a 75% drop in NPP. More specifically, NPP decline was prominent in severe drought areas than in mild and moderate drought areas. Moreover, this study revealed that drought had mostly affected the sparse vegetation NPP. In contrast, forest and shrubland were the least affected vegetation types.
Highlights
The global surface temperature has been increasing since the pre-industrial period [1,2,3]
The correlation analysis between Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator (BEPS)-simulated net primary productivity (NPP) with the observed data gathered from May to September for the study period showed a moderate positive correlation (R2 = 0.59), and the corresponding root mean square error (RMSE) was
The BEPS-derived NPP and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) anomaly for 2003–2018 were used to examine the response of NPP to drought events
Summary
The global surface temperature has been increasing since the pre-industrial period [1,2,3]. It is undeniable that climate change has a notable impact on natural ecosystems and indirectly affects human life and the economy across the world [4]. Rangeland ecosystems are usually second- or third-class quality land in terms of production potential and are vulnerable to climate change. 40–50 million km of rangelands constitute about 40% of the total land area [5] and have been used in fodder production. Rangelands play an essential role in regulating the carbon cycle of forests due to their contribution to a large part of regional, continental, and global net primary productivity (NPP). Rangelands play an essential role in regulating the carbon cycle of forests due to their contribution to a large part of regional, continental, and global net primary productivity (NPP). 4.0/).
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