Abstract
Parking demand exceeding parking supply and uneven parking demand distribution are the existing conflicts in city centers. Parking pricing is frequently utilized to manage parking resources. This study aims to assess different parking pricing strategies through simulations for providing operational suggestions for urban parking managers. Two widely used parking pricing strategies in China combined with an optimized parking pricing strategy are proposed and compared. We introduce an agent-based simulation system to describe the parking and traffic conditions. Various measures of effectiveness under different parking pricing strategies can be obtained via agent-based simulations. We then construct a comprehensive benefit combining average cost and failure rate. Results show that the second strategy with charging different parking fees by considering locations and third optimized strategy can effectively improve traffic efficiency. However, the second strategy may lead to higher average cost than that of the third one. Thus, the third optimized strategy performs the best and can be used to optimize the parking policy of parking managers in the future. The entire assessment through simulations can provide evaluation suggestions for parking managers to adjust parking policies.
Highlights
Many cities encounter parking problems with rapid urbanization and increase in the number of vehicles
SustaiFnaigbiulitrye20620in, 1t2u, i2t0i5v6ely shows the comprehensive benefits of the three parking pricing strat1e1goief s1.3 The comprehensive benefit is related to the average cost and failure rate
The two currently used parking pricing strategies in China combined with an optimized parking pricing strategy are proposed
Summary
Many cities encounter parking problems with rapid urbanization and increase in the number of vehicles. The parking demand in city centers frequently exceeds the supply, and parking spaces are usually distributed unevenly, leading to overcrowding of popular parking lots [1]. Drivers need to compete for limited popular parking spaces, and those losing ones will have to cruise around, thereby increasing the travel time and is inconvenient for drivers. Government agencies may consider building additional parking lots to address this current dilemma. This task is difficult to implement and sustain because of the limitations in capital and land resources [2]. Parking pricing may change drivers’ parking choices and lead to improved parking distribution and resource utilization
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