Assessment of differences in mechanical properties and thickness of temporal and occipital bones and correlation with age in Japanese forensic samples

Abstract

The mechanical properties and thickness of adult temporal and occipital bones were examined in modern Japanese forensic samples. Cranial bones were obtained from 293 Japanese corpses (179 men and 114 women). During autopsy, left temporal (LT), right temporal (RT), and occipital (O) bone samples were extracted from each skull. Sample thickness (ST) was measured using multidetector computed tomographic imaging. The fracture load (FL) of each sample was measured by a bending test, in which the flexural strength (FS) was calculated. The FL and ST values for O were significantly greater compared with those of the LT and RT bones. The temporal bones were thinner compared with other parts of the skull and at greater risk for fracture. There is a need to take precautions to prevent temporal bone fractures. There were no significant differences in any of the values between LT and RT, indicating bilateral symmetry of the temporal bones. There were significant negative correlations between age and the FL and FS values for all sites in both sexes, except for O in the male samples, suggesting that older individuals are at increased risk for fractures. No significant correlations were observed between age and ST values in any of the samples. There were significantly positive correlations between FL and ST values at all sites regardless of sex.