Abstract
The present study investigated the dietary and urinary OTA occurrence among 44 Lebanese children. Relying on HPLC-FLD analysis, OTA was found in all the urine samples and in 46.5% and 25% of the 24 h duplicate diet and dinner samples, respectively. The means of OTA levels in positive samples were 0.32 ± 0.1 ng/g in 24 h diet, 0.32 ± 0.18 ng/g in dinner and 0.022 ± 0.012 ng/mL in urines. These values corresponded to margin of exposure (MOE) means of 7907 ± 5922 (neoplastic) and 2579 ± 1932 (non-neoplastic) calculated from positive 24 h diet, while 961 ± 599 (neoplastic) and 313 ± 195 (non-neoplastic) calculated from the urine. Since the MOE levels for the neoplastic effect were below the limit (10,000), a major health threat was detected and must be addressed as a health institutions’ priority. Besides, the wide difference between PDIs and MOEs calculated from food and urine suggests conducting further OTA’s toxicokinetics studies before using urine to measure OTA exposure.
Highlights
Ochratoxin A (OTA) has been recognized as one of the major mycotoxins contaminating a variety of food products
The activities and results reported in this paper can be summarized in the following points: (1) 46.5% of 24 h diet samples of Lebanese children were positive for OTA with a mean of 0.32 ± 0.1 ng/g
(2) 25% of dinner samples were positive for OTA with a mean of 0.32 ± 0.18 ng/g and the calculated mean probable daily intake (PDI) was 4.9 ± 10.9 ng/kg bw
Summary
Ochratoxin A (OTA) has been recognized as one of the major mycotoxins contaminating a variety of food products. Research studies have concluded that frequent urinary tract neoplasm and the famed lethal disease that targets kidneys of south-eastern areas in Europe known as Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) could be consequences of the OTA presence in food [5,6]. This hypothesis was later confirmed by the Codex Alimentarius [7]. OTA was shown to induce intestinal disorders by reducing the microbiota of the colon [8–10]. It was classified as Group 2B carcinogen according to IARC [11]
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