Assessment of determinants for households' pro-environmental behaviours and direct emissions

Abstract

This study aims to analyse the effect of environmental awareness, the mediating effect of environmental willingness and the moderating effects of demographics to better understand how pro-environmental behaviours and carbon emissions are affected and make recommendations on how to improve them. The structural equation modeling and multi-group analysis were employed to analyse the data collected from households in Türkiye. This study's novelty lies in the measuring model designed to consider moderating effects of demographics and mediating effects of environmental willingness on pro-environmental behaviours and carbon emissions in Turkish households. The results show that household demographics have moderating effect. It has also been found that environmental willingness plays a mediating role between “environmental sensitivity and pro-environmental behaviours.” In addition, it is found that nothing affects direct carbon emissions. The main reason may be the use of standard equipment in the residences. Various implications for the public and private sectors have been given in conclusion to increase pro-environmental behaviours and to decrease emissions through considering environmental sensitivity, environmental willingness, and demographics.