Assessment of dental malocclusion and soft-tissue features among children with special needs in the Western UP region: A cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Assessment of dental malocclusion and soft-tissue features among children with special needs and their correlation with normal children. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 128 children (63 special health-care needs children and 65 normal children), between 8 and 18 years of age. Two special schools (Vatsalya and Jeevandhara) were included in the study for case group and two local schools (one government and one private) were included in the study for control group. Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need was used to measure the malocclusion. To assess and compare various facial features, extra-oral photographs were taken from two different views (frontal and side). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Chi-square test, with keeping level of significance at P < 0.05. The result of the present study demonstrated a significant difference between the study and control group with respect to overjet, caries, stains and calculus, soft-tissue facial profile, lip competency, and Korkhaus lip step. Soft-tissue comparison demonstrated facial asymmetry; lip incompetency was more prevalent in the study group compared to the control group. Overall, it was concluded that malocclusion was more prevalent in the study group compared to their counterparts. Malocclusion was more prevalent in children with disability compared to their counterparts. On clinical examination, a significant difference in relation to overjet, caries and stains, and calculus was observed, whereas a significant difference on soft-tissue examination was observed in facial profile, lip competency, and Korkhaus lip step in the study group compared to normal children.