Assessment of dental caries in children with organic lesions of the nervous system using ICDAS II criteria.

Khrystyna Vasylivna Pryimak,Iryna Viktorivna Batih,Iryna Anatoliivna Zoriy,Nataliia Vasylivna Bidenko,Viktor Markiyanovich Batig,Tetiana Anatoliyivna Hlushchenko,Michael Ivanovich Sheremet,Anatoliy Vasylovych Borysenko

doi:10.25122/jml-2020-0155

Abstract

Studies of the dental status of children with cerebral palsy (CP) indicate a high prevalence and intensity of damage to the hard tissues of the teeth. The risk of developing dental diseases is known to increase significantly as the severity of neurological symptoms increase. The purpose of the study was to assess the incidence of dental caries using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) criteria in children with organic diseases of the nervous system depending on the severity of motor impairment. A number of 122 children (mean age 8.8±3.7 years) with spastic forms of cerebral palsy were examined. They were divided into groups according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System – Expanded & Revised (GMFCS-ER). All patients underwent a neurological examination, and the state of dental caries was determined using the ICDAS II criteria. In children with cerebral palsy, lesions of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth predominate, lesions of the proximal surfaces appeared to be three times less, but more than three times higher than in healthy children. Higher intensity of the carious process and the frequency of deep cavities are observed in children with cerebral palsy with severe motor impairment, according to GMFCS-ER. Establishing the features of caries development in children with cerebral palsy depending on the severity of neurological symptoms according to the ICDAS II system is an essential factor in determining the direction of preventive measures that should be taken for this group of children.

Highlights

Nowadays, infantile cerebral paralysis (ICP) or cerebral palsy (CP) remains one of the most common neurological pathologies, most often resulting in the disability of patients under 18 [1,2,3]
The purpose of our study was to assess the incidence of dental caries using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) criteria in children with organic diseases of the nervous system depending on the severity of motor impairment
The children with CP were divided into groups according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System – Expanded & Revised (GMFCS-ER) [18]: the first group included 23 children (18.9%) performing gross motor skills without restrictions, the second group included 26 (21.3%) children performing gross motor skills with restrictions; the third group included 26 (21,3%) children walking by means of a hand-held mobility device; the fourth group included 25 (20.5%) children able to walk with physical assistance, and the fifth group included 22 (18.0%) children that were manual wheelchair users

Summary

Introduction

Infantile cerebral paralysis (ICP) or cerebral palsy (CP) remains one of the most common neurological pathologies, most often resulting in the disability of patients under 18 [1,2,3]. Some studies have demonstrated that the risk of development of dental diseases increases reliably with the increase of manifestation of neurological symptoms [10,11,12,13,14,15]. This can happen due to many factors, including motor and coordination impairments, limited possibility to take care of the oral cavity, resulting in insufficient individual hygiene [16, 17]. Considering the high occurrence of dental disorders, difficulty to implement traditional therapeutic and preventive measures, and the considerable effect of dental pathology on the quality of life of children with organic lesions of the nervous system, detection of caries lesions in this group of children depending on the intensity of motor impairment remains an important issue

Objectives

Methods

Results