Abstract
This cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dens invaginatus (DI) and its characteristics in maxillary anterior teeth in a Saudi population. A total of 505 CBCT scans were evaluated, including a total of 2790 maxillary anterior teeth. The patients’ demographic data, including age and sex, were recorded. The presence of DI and the related characteristics including bilateral occurrence; DI type according to Oehlers classification; and presence of periapical radiolucency, open apex, and/or nearby impacted teeth were analyzed. The associations between DI and the other factors were analyzed using the chi-square and fisher exact tests. DI was detected in 7.3% of the patients and 1.6% of the teeth examined. Most of the DI-affected teeth were maxillary lateral incisors (76.1%), followed by mesiodens (19.6%) and maxillary central incisors (4.3%), while no DI was observed in the maxillary canines. Bilateral DI was found in 24.3% of the affected patients. Oehlers type I DI was the most frequent (80%). Periapical radiolucencies, open apices, and nearby impacted teeth were observed in 10.9%, 4.3%, and 30% of the invaginated teeth, respectively. DI was significantly associated with tooth type (P < 0.0001) but not with sex (P > 0.05). Although most of the DI cases are limited to the crown, CBCT imaging is essential for DI evaluation and management.
Highlights
This cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dens invaginatus (DI) and its characteristics in maxillary anterior teeth in a Saudi population
According to the Oehlers classification, type I DI is localized within the crown and does not extend beyond the cementoenamel junction (CEJ)
Advancements in imaging modalities used in endodontics, such as the use of three-dimensional (3D) conebeam computed tomography (CBCT), have improved the diagnostic ability of teeth affected by DI, but
Summary
This cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dens invaginatus (DI) and its characteristics in maxillary anterior teeth in a Saudi population. The presence of DI and the related characteristics including bilateral occurrence; DI type according to Oehlers classification; and presence of periapical radiolucency, open apex, and/or nearby impacted teeth were analyzed. Dens invaginatus (DI) is a developmental anomaly characterized by invagination of the enamel organ into the dental papilla before calcification of the dental tissues[1,2] The prevalence of this anomaly has been reported to range from 0.3 to 10% of teeth and 0.25% to 26.1% of individuals examined[2]. According to the Oehlers classification, type I DI is localized within the crown and does not extend beyond the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). In type III, the invagination penetrates through the root and eventually opens as an independent apical or lateral foramen. Advancements in imaging modalities used in endodontics, such as the use of three-dimensional (3D) conebeam computed tomography (CBCT), have improved the diagnostic ability of teeth affected by DI, but Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:19727
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