Abstract
Vaccinum myrtillus L., Ribes nigrum L., Rubus fruticosus L., Fragaria vesca L. leaves are considered an agro-waste of the berry industry. Although numerous studies indicate fruit is a rich source of bioactive compounds, the authors prove leaves can also be a valuable source of compounds used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The study attempts to assess and compare the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of berry leaves extracts. The total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins and procyanidins content were determined. Antioxidant potential was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging method. Cytotoxicity studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of the extracts on the metabolism and proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts in vitro. The effect on the migration capacity of these cells was also assessed. The obtained results show that the examined extracts are a source of valuable bioactive agents. All tested extracts show significant ability to remove free radicals in higher concentrations. Cytotoxicity assessments have shown that leaf extracts of the analyzed plants differ in cytotoxicity, both for keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The results of the assessment of cell migration capacity correlate with cytotoxicity tests, because the concentration of extracts showing cytotoxic activity towards the tested cells also inhibited their migration.
Highlights
Vaccinum myrtillus L., Ribes nigrum L., Rubus fruticosus L., Fragaria vesca L. leaves are considered an agro-waste of the berry industry
The constantly growing expectations of consumers and their search for cosmetic products, which in addition to beneficial effects on their health will have a positive impact on the environment, have contributed to an attempt to assess the possibility of using waste plant materials as a reservoir of extremely valuable bioactive compounds
The innovation in this work was mainly based on the choice as the raw material of the leaves of the analyzed berry plants, which, are underestimated in various industries, including the cosmetics industry
Summary
Vaccinum myrtillus L., Ribes nigrum L., Rubus fruticosus L., Fragaria vesca L. leaves are considered an agro-waste of the berry industry. A particular attention should be paid to those parts of the plant used as a plant raw material, which are not often perceived as prohealth raw materials having functional p roperties[11] It is important from the industry perspective, as the content of plant material as a substance of potential industrial significance is important because of its multifunctionality and exhibiting a positive effect on the body, and because of the economic factors. Studies conducted with currant leaf extract have shown that it has stronger antioxidant properties compared to the extract of buds or currant fruit It is characterized by the presence of compounds such as quercetin, myricetin, rutin and phenolic acids such as salicylic, p-coumaric, gallic, chlorogenic or ferulic a cid[15,16,17]. It has been shown that anthocyanins present in the leaves significantly affect the mitigation of the negative impact of solar radiation on human fibroblasts, which may contribute to reducing the photoaging process of the skin and inhibiting collagen degradation[18,19]
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