Assessment of Cytokines Levels In Malaria And Their Respective Roles In The Pathological Severity

Abstract

Cytokines are term used to refer to minor peptides or proteins secreted by the body cells. TNF (TNF-α and TNF-β), IFN (IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-γ) interleukins IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, CCL4/RANTES, and TGFβ are among the variety of soluble mediators released by various innate immune cells. TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, and MCP-1 are examples of pro-inflammatory cytokines that have been linked to severe malaria as well as its fatality. This review is aimed at assessing the levels of cytokines in malaria and their role in the severity of the disease. A total of 21 primary studies were fetched from different databases or repositories; Pubmed, Elsevier and Google scholar. Article used in this study met the following criteria; must be primary studies, in peer reviewed journals, indexed additional with any of the following; Doi, crossref, Scopus, web of science and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). Artemisinin based therapy, Artemether-lumefantrine, combination of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, and Artemisinin-naphthoquine combination therapy alongside emerging treatments like the use of medicinal plants; Morinada lucida, and Nauclea latifolia, among others, are also proven effective medications against Plasmodium parasite. This research has proven that the levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ in people with symptomatic malaria is high.