Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the evapotranspiration in field pea (Pisum sativum L.) in foothills valley areas of Manipur using the Hargreaves-Samani equation to predict the plant water demand. The crop coefficient (Kc) values ranged between 0.45 and 1.28 during the crop growth stages of field pea for the five crop seasons (2013-18). The average five-year effective rainfall was estimated to be 59.0 mm, with standard deviation (SD±) ranging between 4.4 to 35.1 mm. The average crop water requirement for field pea was estimated to be 221.0 mm and the average water demand for different crop growth stages of field pea was estimated to be 20.0 mm (initial stage), 52.0 mm (development stage), 100.0 mm (mid-season) and 49.0 mm (late season). Thus, the information generated may help in effective management of crop water requirements for sustainable crop production including field pea in the region.
Highlights
The demand for water is growing day by day due to the fast-growing of the human population, agricultural and industrial growth, and per capita availability of water decreases year by year
Increasing water demand due to increase in crop production is a new challenge for water resources planners and managers
The agricultural segment is the major consumer of water resources around the world and increasing population requires more food production, which enhances more pressure on water consumption
Summary
The demand for water is growing day by day due to the fast-growing of the human population, agricultural and industrial growth, and per capita availability of water decreases year by year This imbalance declines the natural resources on the earth threaten to all living beings. Water being critical component of all living beings; is essential for food security, life support, industrial production, and ecological sustainability as well as sociodevelopment of a country. MS-Excel software was used for the calculation of ETo. The Hargreaves-Samani (HS) equation (Hargreaves and Samani, 1985) is empirical in nature and described as: and crop evapotranspiration, to evaluate effective rainfall and to estimate water requirement in field pea using the Hargreaves-Samani equation for effective water resources management
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