Abstract
A proper assessment of the rate of unsustainable consumption of biomass fuel is important to determine the extent of the consequent environmental effects. In this paper, an evaluation was made of the rate of fuelwood (firewood and charcoal) consumption in Maiduguri metropolis, the capital of Borno state in Nigeria. Firewood and charcoal are the main solid biomass fuels consumed in Maiduguri city, in addition to rarely used animal dung, thatch, leaves, etc. These fuels are usually used in households, markets and industries for cooking, roasting and bakery activities. To quantify the rate of consumption of these fuels in Maiduguri (and their eventual negative effects), data were collected on the rate of supply of the biomass along highways leading to the city. The result shows a total consumption rate of 366 t/day of solid biomass fuel, with firewood accounting for 288 t/day and charcoal makes up the remaining 78 t/day. This fuelwood consumption rate is around 0.15% of the national figure. The resulting emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O, SO2, NOx, NMVOC, CO, NH3, PM10 and PM2.5 in kg/day are 433,488, 2160, 46, 83, 394, 2796, 34,699, 19.01, 5031 and 4884 respectively. Emissions of greenhouse gases stood at 497 t COe/day or 181,314 t CO2/year. A strategic shift to cleaner stoves and low carbon fuels is feasible and will enhance sustainable energy use.
Highlights
An evaluation was made of the rate of fuelwood consumption in Maiduguri metropolis, the capital of Borno state in Nigeria
This study focuses on assessing the rate of solid biomass fuel consumption in Maiduguri metropolis, the capital of Borno state in Nigeria
The proportion of the population relying on biomass is highest in sub-Saharan Africa; in most cases with majority of the population relying on firewood and charcoal, accounting for over 90% of household energy consumption [3] [8]
Summary
Solid biomass fuel is the most widely used primary energy source in the devel-. Nigeria is a developing country located in sub-Saharan Africa. Over 70% of the population in developing countries depends on biomass as their primary fuel for cooking [6] [7]. The proportion of the population relying on biomass is highest in sub-Saharan Africa; in most cases with majority of the population relying on firewood and charcoal, accounting for over 90% of household energy consumption [3] [8]. In OECD countries, biomass demand comes mostly from the power generation and industry sectors, while in developing countries these sectors represent only 12% [3]
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