Abstract
Risk factors that predispose individuals towards major non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and periodontal disease (PD) often co-occur in the same individual. The common risk factor approach (CRFA) for controlling the risk factors associated with NCDs and PD ensures that modifying a few risk factors has an incredible impact on regulating many chronic conditions. To apply CRFA to NCDs and PD, it is essential to quantify the common risk factors of these conditions. The proposed hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study aims to assess the proportion overlap of risk factors that are common or shared between NCDs (cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2) and PD. The risk factors for PD and NCDs will be estimated in subjects aged 18 years and above, diagnosed with NCDs (DM type 2, CVD) or PD. This will be a non-directional study. The dependent variables analyzed will be PD and NCDs (DM type 2, CVD). The explanatory variables that are assessed will be: age, gender, address, occupation, access and affordability of care, familial pattern, family size, insurance, socioeconomic status, obesity, tobacco usage, physical activity, alcohol consumption, food frequency, stress, and oral hygiene. The research is expected to provide data which will aid in the development of advocacy initiatives to implement CRFA for PD and NCDs.
Highlights
The proposed research aims to bridge the gap in knowledge regarding the commonality of risk factors between periodontal disease and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and provide the data required for a common risk factor approach (CRFA) encompassing periodontal disease and NCDs
Periodontal disease is defined as an inflammatory process affecting the supporting structures of the teeth resulting in pocket formation, recession or both and is diagnosed with a periodontal screening and recording (PSR) score of three in at least one sextant [33]
The primary primary outcome outcome of of this this study study will willbe bean anassessment assessmentof ofthe theproportion proportionofofrisk riskfactors more likely to be shared between periodontal disease and other major non-communicable factors more likely to be shared between periodontal disease and other major non-comdiseases
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Periodontitis reduces quality of life, is an encumbrance to the healthcare economy [6,8] and shares numerous risk factors such as smoking, obesity, nutrition, low socioeconomic status and stress with other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases [9–12]. NCDs and oral health through the commonality of risk factors and initiate an active reduction of conditions through CRFA [19–22]. Integration of the prevention of periodontal disease along with public health approaches for systemic health, with non-communicable disease prevention activities focusing on common risk factors, can pave the way towards better overall health with a concomitant reduction in health care costs. This proposed study is based on the rationale that periodontal disease shares a wide range of risk factors and risk indicators such as tobacco use and alcohol, dietary factors, stress, plaque microbiota, oral hygiene and social determinants of health (SDH) with other
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