Assessment of cognitive impairment by using Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) amongst type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Aim: The occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is in increasing trend worldwide predominantly in South East Asian countries comprising India. Also, there is strong evidences that, DM upsurges the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Hence our main aim behind this study was to divulge the relationship between DM and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing and analyzing the medical records of DM who had been consulted at the neurology out-patient department during a period of 2015 - 2016. The cognitive impairment in DM patients were assessed by using Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Statistical Analysis: The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19 software. If the p-value < 0> Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment in DM patient is seemingly high with both scores i.e. 96.31% with MoCA and 99.85% with ACE-R. The variables like sex and age groups were not statistically significant with MoCA scores. The MoCA score & ACE-R score showed a negative association with education levels. The MoCA scores of different items i.e. visuo-excutive, naming, attention, language, abstraction and orientation were highly statistically significant at 0.01% level, between the DM patients who had cognitive impairment and DM patients with normal score, except memory which score zero in all patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of cognitive impairment in DM patients is very high. The, elder age, low education attainment, and unskilled occupation were also the potential identified risk factors for cognitive impairment. Keywords: Diabetes, Dementia, MoCA, Cognitive impairment, Low education etc.