Abstract
Innovative textile materials can be obtained by depositing different coatings. To improve the thermal properties of textiles, aluminum and zirconium (IV) oxides were deposited on the Nomex® fabric, basalt fabric, and cotton fabric with flame-retardant finishing using the magnetron sputtering method. An assessment of coating quality was conducted. Evenly coated fabric ensures that there are no places on the sample surface where the values of thermal parameters such as resistance to contact heat and radiant heat deviate significantly from the specified ones. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy was used for the analysis of modified fabric surfaces. Non-contact digital color imaging system DigiEye was also used. The criterion allowing one to compare surfaces and find which surface is more evenly coated was proposed. The best fabrics from the point of view of coating quality were basalt and cotton fabrics coated with aluminum as well as basalt fabric coated with zirconia. The probability of occurrence of places on the indicated sample surfaces where the values of thermal parameters (i.e., resistance to contact heat and radiant heat) deviated significantly from the specified ones was smaller for Nomex® and cotton fabrics coated with zirconia and Nomex® fabric coated with aluminum.
Highlights
In the cases of Nomex® and cotton fabric, non-weave yarns were observed on the surface of fabrics
In the case of Nomex® and cotton fabrics, non-weave yarns were observed on the surface of fabrics
System and the DigiEye system are tools that enable the assessment of coating quality, especially thin coatings obtained on flame-retardant fabrics using a magnetron sputtering method
Summary
To produce increasingly innovative textile materials with special properties, scientists are increasingly depositing different coatings on starting materials using physical or chemical vapor deposition processes [1,2,3,4]. Many different physical phenomena are involved in the PVD (physical vapor deposition) technique, which occurs at a pressure of 10−5 –10 Pa. PVD methods use pure metals and gases as source materials instead of the harmful compounds found in CVD (chemical vapor deposition) methods. The costs of the deposition process are high, and the surfaces of coated elements need special treatment before the deposition. The process is characterized by high efficiency when using sputtering and good and very good physical and mechanical properties of coatings, while the technological process is considered ecological.
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