Assessment of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) burden and association with outcomes in metastatic gastric cancer (mGC) patients using real-world data (RWD).

Abstract

276 Background: CtDNA burden has been shown to have potential uses in early cancer detection, guiding treatment decisions, residual disease and drug resistance detection, and treatment response monitoring. While published literature suggested that ctDNA may be prognostic of clinical outcomes for various tumor types, there is limited RWD assessing its use in mGC. This study uses RWD to evaluate the association of pre-treatment ctDNA burden with clinical outcomes in mGC. Methods: Patients were identified from the Guardant INFORM real-world clinical-genomic database, which links ctDNA results via plasma-based next-generation sequencing Guardant360 assay (G360) to de-identified claims data. Adult mGC patients in the US, who received NCCN guideline treatments post-diagnosis and underwent testing with G360 from June 2014 to March 2022 were included. For those who received first line (1L) therapy within 60 days after a G360 test result, median of the maximum variant allele fraction (mVAF) was used to classify them into high or low ctDNA burden groups, with undetectable ctDNA burden considered low. Associations with time to next treatment (TTNT) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using log rank tests and multivariable Cox proportion hazards models adjusting for age, sex, Elixhauser comorbidity score, and anatomical location. Results: 2,200 mGC patients were identified, of which 824 (37%) initiated 1L therapy within 60 days after a G360 test. Among the 824 patients, mean age was 63 years, 70% were male and 47% had gastric adenocarcinoma and 53% gastroesophageal junction cancer. Median mVAF among these patients was 2.9%, with 91% having detectable ctDNA. Patients with high ctDNA burden treated with 1L chemotherapy (Chemo) showed significantly worse TTNT and OS than low ctDNA burden patients (Median TTNT= 4.7 months vs 7.5 months, p<0.001; Median OS=12.4 months vs 19.1 months, p<0.001). Multivariable Cox analyses showed similar results for 1L Chemo group. Treatment group outcomes based on adjusted Cox models were reported (Table). Conclusions: We used RWD to demonstrate that high pre-treatment ctDNA burden was associated with worse clinical outcomes in a mGC population treated with 1L Chemo. Our analysis adds to the body of evidence that suggest ctDNA burden could be used as a prognostic biomarker for mGC. The small sample size of the other 1L treatment groups warrants further investigation because the use of IO-based therapy is expected to increase with recent approvals. [Table: see text]