Abstract
Periodical monitoring of renal function, specifically for subjects with history of diabetic or hypertension would prevent them from entering into chronic kidney disease (CKD) condition. The recent increase in numbers may be due to food habits or lack of physical exercise, necessitates a rapid kidney function monitoring system. Presently, it is determined by evaluating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that is mainly dependent on serum creatinine value and demographic parameters and ethnic value. Attempted here is to develop ethnic parameter based on skin texture for every individual. This value when used in GFR computation, the results are much agreeable with GFR obtained through standard modification of diet in renal disease and CKD epidemiology collaboration equations. Once correlation between CKD and skin texture is established, classification tool using artificial neural network is built to categorise CKD level based on demographic values and parameter obtained through skin texture (without using creatinine). This network when tested gives almost at par results with the network that is trained with demographic and creatinine values. The results of this Letter demonstrate the possibility of non-invasively determining kidney function and hence for making a device that would readily assess the kidney function even at home.
Highlights
Glomeruli are the tiny filter in the kidney that filters out the waste from blood
Accurate filtration rate could be measured using nuclear technique by injecting isotopes such as, (25I) iothalamate, 99mTcdiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and iohexol [1]. These markers are radioactive by nature and expensive, this kind of Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) computation is not used unless the situation warrants
Matsushita et al have concluded that chronic kidney disease (CKD)-EPI method of GFR computation is more accurate than modified modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation in acute decompensated heart failure
Summary
Glomeruli are the tiny filter in the kidney that filters out the waste from blood. The effectiveness of these filtrations determines the functionality of the kidney. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is one effective parameter that estimates the performance of glomeruli and the kidney (Peake et al.). Gauging kidney function based on GFR is better than that with only Scr. MDRD method of GFR computation is one widely used and undergoing rapid modification, based on ethnic values [2]. Matsushita et al have concluded that CKD-EPI method of GFR computation is more accurate than modified MDRD equation in acute decompensated heart failure. These equations use ethnicity as one of its parameter that quantifies race just in two values, black and white.
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