Abstract
Wind resources assessment plays a significant role in site selection for the construction of offshore wind farms. Mean wind speeds (MWS), wind power densities (WPD), and Weibull parameters are the most important variables for wind resources assessment. These variables were estimated with the synergetic use of multiple satellite data (QuikSCAT + WindSAT + ASCAT) and meteorological data from coastal stations using spatial interpolation methods, including inverse distance weighting (IDW), ordinary kriging (OK), and ordinary co-kriging (OCK). The spatial variability of offshore wind energy resources over the China Sea is assessed at heights of 10 m and 100 m (hub height of wind turbine). Then, 8 buoy measurements were used to evaluate the accuracy of the offshore wind resources assessment. Our results show that combining multiple satellite data and coastal meteorological data improves the accuracy of wind resources assessment in the offshore areas and the OCK method show the best performance for accuracy in most cases. The statistical results comparing buoy-derived MWS and interpolated MWS show a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.17 m/s and correlation coefficient (Corr.) of 0.987 at a height of 10 m. Statistics of the comparison between buoy-derived WPD and interpolated WPD by OCK show a RMSE of 23.38 W/m2 at a height of 10 m. The results show that the highest wind resources are mainly found in the Taiwan Strait and offshore regions in Fujian province.
Highlights
China’s economic growth and rapid urbanization has required substantial energy consumption
The results of this comparison show that combining multiple satellite data and coastal meteorological data may improve the accuracy of interpolated Mean wind speeds (MWS) in the offshore areas
Interpolated MWS, wind power densities (WPD), and Weibull parameters derived from multiple satellite data + 270/480 meteorological data demonstrate lower errors than those from multiple satellite data or meteorological data only
Summary
China’s economic growth and rapid urbanization has required substantial energy consumption. In China, the total installed wind energy capacity rose from 25.8 GW in 2009 to 211.4 GW in 2018. Coastal provinces in China have advanced economies and higher demand for energy than other regions, so taking full advantage of the offshore wind resources could save land resources and transportation costs [2]. The total installed capacity of global offshore wind power was 23.1 GW in 2018 Of this total, 4.6 GW of offshore installations in 2018 were in China, putting the country in third place globally, behind the United Kingdom (7.96 GW) and Germany (6.4 GW). China installed 1.8 GW of new offshore wind capacity in 2018, taking the world’s lead for the first time, followed by the United Kingdom (1.3 GW) and Germany (0.97 GW) [1]
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